Secondary electron spectrum of metals with different surface potential barriers

Surface-state electron dynamics in noble metals

Theoretical investigations of surface-state electron dynamics in noble metals are reported. The dynamically screened interaction is computed, within many-body theory, by going beyond a free-electron description of the metal surface. Calculations of the inelastic linewidth of Shockley surface-state electrons and holes in these materials are also presented. While the linewidth of excited holes at...

Secondary electron cascade in attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy from metals

Synopsis In a recent attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy experiment from a metal surface [A. L. Cavalieri et al. Nature (London) 449, 1029 (2007)] a tail of unexplained low-energy electrons was measured. These electrons are shown to be due to electron-electron scatterings as the photoelectrons leave the metal. We develop a model for single scattering and a model based on cascade theory to des...

Thermal and surface core-electron binding-energy shifts in metals.

Electron Theory of Metals

In an ionic solid, the atom forming a cation gives up its valence electron that is captured by the atom forming an anion. Here the electrons are strictly localized. However in metals, the core electrons are localized at the atoms but the valence electrons are delocalized and belong to the entire solid. The behaviour and energy states of these delocalized electrons determine many properties of t...

Potential Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals in Wheat Products

In the present work, health risk of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn in Iranian urban and rural samples including wheat, wheat flour, bread, pasta and sweets were assessed. The real amount of heavy metals in target samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wet ashing and hydride g...